ELECTRICITY

Introduction

• It is a source of energy.
• This energy can be converted into:
• Sound Energy
• Heat Energy
• Light Energy
• Etc
• There are two types of electricity
• AC [Alternating Current]
  
• DC [Direct Current]
• AC are more dangerous to us because it is used for home purposes and industrial purposes. [Voltage 110V 240V for home 440V+ for industrial]
• DC uses less voltage when compared to AC [24V-5V for PCB and other boards]
• DC are present in batteries, cells , etc
• AC converted to DC using adapters and DC-AC using inverters.

CELL

A cell is a single unit that generates electrical energy through chemical reactions. It has two terminals—positive and negative—and produces a voltage that can be used to power devices. Examples include dry cells (like AA or AAA batteries) and wet cells (used in car batteries).

BATTERY

A battery is a collection of multiple cells connected together to provide greater voltage and capacity. It stores and supplies electrical energy to devices, and comes in different types such as rechargeable (like lithium-ion batteries in smartphones) and non-rechargeable (like alkaline batteries in remotes).

SWITCH

Switch is a simple device to open or close a circuit.

CIRCUIT

Circuit is a path that electricity can flow. It can be open or closed.

SYMBOLS IN CIRCUITS

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

OPEN CIRCUIT

In open circuit, electricity can't flow. Hence the bulb is off.

CLOSED CIRCUIT

In closed circuit, electricity can flow. Hence the bulb is on.

BULB

 

Bulb is a device that converts electrical energy into light energy by a thin wire called filament(tungsten - low melting point). There are two types of bulbs: Glowing Bulb & Fused Bulb.

Glowing Bulb: The bulb which gives us light.

Fused Bulb: Broken filament is called as Fused.

WIRE

 

Wire is used to connect either AC/DC source with electrical devices or between two or more devices.

HEATING EFFECT OF ELECTRICITY

ACTIVITY:-

Aim: to show the heating effect of current

Requirement: Ni-chrome wire, Switch, Two cells, Cell Holder and Connecting Wires

 

Procedure: Take Ni-chrome wire and make a coil from it. Now make a circuit.

 

Now switch on the circuit. After sometime touch the bulb what do you feel?

You feel the bulb becomes hot. Now switch off the circuit after sometime touch the bulb again. What do you feel? You find the bulb has become cool. 

 

 

Conclusion: It can be concluded from this activity that the bulb gets hot when an electric current pass through it.

 

 Conductors

        Conductors means it allows electric current to flow through it. Ex: Copper,  Iron and all metals are conductors.

 

 Insulators

        Conductors means it doesn't allows electric current to flow through it. Ex: Plastic , Rubber and all non-metals are insulators.

 

Electric Fuse 

         Electric Fuse is a safety device used in a electric circuit. It works on the principle of heating effect of electric current. An Electric Fuse consists of a thin wire made up of an alloy which has low melting point and usually placed inside a small glass cylindrical tube or ceramic container. It is designed such that only certain maximum amount of electric current can flow through it, the heat produced due to the high electric current melts the fuse wire and breaks the circuit.